Chironex

Interesting, thanks for bringing it to my attention. So, from what I gather, the synergy is formed when kinetin, ethylene, GA3 and CO2 are combined. Yet each shows little effect when used alone, with the exception of kinetin.

Therefore from least effective to most effective upon germination:

GA3 - no effect

Water + ethylene + CO2 - a light effect

GA3 + kinetin - maximum effect in the dark, but due to presence of kinetin

GA3 + ethylene + CO2 - improved germination rate under any light levels - needed for gemination

kinetin + ethylene + CO2 - improved germination rate under any light levels - not required to add the gases, but interaction improved germination rates

When GA3 and/or kinetin were combined with added ethylene, the need for added CO2 was eliminated. By the same token, when GA3 and/or kinetin was combined with added CO2, the need for added ethylene was eliminated.

These last two observations make it clear that the endogenous ethylene and CO2 gases present in the seeds/atmosphere are sufficient to maximize germination (overcome thermodormancy) in the presence of kinetin, or kinetin and GA3. In the presence of GA3 and kinetin, the need for supplemental CO2 and/or ethylene is reduced, but the 4 appear to work synergistically well to maximize germination rates.

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Scot