1) Stage of vegetative development: where the true stem is short and underground, with extremely short entrenudos, and small knots in the interception of the bases of the pecÃ*olos of the leaves, where the vegetative yolks are located that will give to origin to the sprouts or children. The rate of development of these is affected by the existing apical dominancia in the plant mother.
2) Stage of floral differentiation and production: where the vegetative development stops, with evident culmination of the emission to foliar, and physiological changes are originated that allow the rupture of the apical dominancia. The formation of floral structures begins and consequent formation of the cluster, with emergency or elongación of the underground stem that it will become aerial stem. In this stage greater development of the children or sprouts is observed.

Figure 1. Cross section of cormos of musáceas

Figure 2. Cormos (children) of different clones from musáceas

1) Selection of the material: the use of healthy and apparently vigorous cormos is recommended; and the number of plants to generate will depend the same one as large as, reason why the small cormos are not recommended.
2) Cleaning and washing: to the selected cormos one removes the rest to them of earth with abundant water, and with a knife the roots are eliminated, parts of cormo that are affected by damages caused by plagues or microorganisms and the aerial portion (leaves and part of pseudostem), leaving only one portion that allows to hold it with the hand (Figure á).
3) Disinfection: a solution of water and chlorine at the rate of 5 is prepared mililiter by liter of water, in which the cormos submerge during three minutes for their disinfection. Of equal way, the used tools to make the cuts must be disinfected with chlorine before using it in the next cut. It is possible to emphasize that this process of disinfection is the plus practices and economic in the field, and the same one is considered like partisan, being able to use other chemical agents of ample phantom, but that would increase the operational costs and the extreme care in their manipulation.

Figure 3. Passages for the division of cormos of musáceas

4) Exhibition of the yolks: with the knife the base of the most external leaf is cut until arriving at the following one (Figures 3b, 3c), being exposed a lateral yolk in a point in form of "V" formed by the interception of the bases of the leaves (Figure 3d). This procedure is made successively until visually the presence of yolks is demonstrated.
5) Court: orna time discovered all the possible yolks in cormo, is come to make cuts in sections, similar to the cut done on a pie (Figure é), trying as far as possible to leave in each section a visible yolk (Figure 3f).
6) Sowing: the obtained sections will be seeded in stonecutters previously prepared or directly in plastic bags, treating as far as possible that the yolk is cover by earth or the used substrate, and that is near the surface. In this stage one will be due to provide to irrigation, avoiding the saturation and conditions of hydric stress. Esteem that the plants will be apt for seedtime in field in a minimum period of 45 days. The process of development and growth can conditional and be accelerated when applying a nitrogen source; nevertheless its excessive use can originate fototoxicidad.

3 (a)4-5 (ab)6-8 (b) ÚmeroN of sections (divisions) by cormo

Figure 4. Relation between the number of obtained sections and weight of the cormos of musáceas. Letters indicate significant differences between classes of sections (P=0.06: n=37; Kruskal-Wallis). Different letters indicate differences significant.

Propagation by division of buds (young and/or harvested plants)
This technique is considered like a variant of the previous system, and similarly they can be used cormos originating of young plants or just harvested. The methodology used by Adelaja (1995) indicates that cormo is divided in 4 to 8 portions (making sure that each section must have at least one yolk), that is seeded in stonecutters, which will have to emit new buds as of day 15. Then, these buds are divided each one in four parts, that are dealed with and seeded exactly like the set cormo original. In many cases, some of these multiple divided buds produce meristemas, that can separated and be seeded. Through this variant it is possible to be obtained but from 500 sprouts of single cormo in a period of eight months.
Propagation by ablation (rupture or elimination) of the central yolk
The "ablation of the central yolk" consists of eliminating the apical yolk with the purpose of "breaking" the apical dominancia to induce the activation of the lateral yolks and to produce greater number of children by cormo, as much in plants harvested as in young plants, that can remain in the field or taken to breeding ground (put under a previous selection) for better control (Figure 5).
I number of generated children will depend on several factors like the type of clone, physiological conditions of the plant, climatic conditions, among others. Experiences at level of field with the banana clone ` Hartón enanó indicate that an average of five children apt for direct seedtime in field can be obtained, in a period of 3.5 months (Martinez ET to., 2000).
As much the division of cormos as the ablation is considered useful tools for the massive propagation, they do not require of special equipment or insumos that can get to increase the costs, and is of easy handling by the producer.

Figure 5. Ablation of the central yolk of cormos of musáceas. (a) Court of the pseudostem; (b) Location center pseudostem; (c) To turn and to deepen the machete to eliminate the apical yolk; and (d) I appear of originated children of the activation of lateral yolks.

Propagation through the use of hijuelos or cormitos (variant of the ablation of central yolk)
The weight does not have to be smaller of 150 g, and to reduce the risk of scattering plagues to other areas it is recommended to pelar them before seedtime with the care to remove single the roots and the superficial layer of the crust, being treated to maintain the original conformation of the same one. The moment for being taken to field, will be determined by the presence of four true leaves and one height of 20 to 25 cm. Through this technique obtains a reduction in the costs of those producers that wish to renew or to increase their area of sowing, mainly those that are in areas difficult (Marcelino L. 2001. Investigation and Development for the technified handling of the banana (mail-and) Institute Farming Investigation of Panama).
Grisales (1994) indicates that the development of the plants mothers in healthy and vigorous field is stimulated exposing and earthing up cormo of plant. When beginning the buds, the sprouts of 3 to 5 cm of height, with weight average from 200 to 250 g, separate of these cormos and are seeded in plastic with rich ground in humus, being placed later in partial shade, applying once to 5 month nitrogen g by stock market and regularly watered bags. The plants can be transplanted after two months, when they have between three to four leaves developed.

Figure 6. Cormitos of musáceas of different sizes seeded in stonecutters. Observe the dehydration in the apical part of cormo.

This variant is based on the previous system, and the experiences in field indicate that the originated buds are retired of the plant mother to the month of development, which are seeded in a stonecutter previously prepared or plastic bags, applying constant water provision without arriving at the saturation, and a nitrogen source; it reflects the care required for this variant (Figure 6). In the south of the Lake of Maracaibo some producers take yolks from the harvested cormos and they take them to breeding ground, to give obtained denominated formation to "plántulas in the property" (Nava, C. 2002. Com. Personnel. Maracaibo, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Zulia).
Propagation through "vitroplantas"
It is characterized to have the capacity to generate great amount of plants for seedtime in medium term, in relatively optimal fitosanitario state, in relation to some diseases. From an apex it is possible to obtain in the lapse of a year, hundreds of free plants of nematodes, fungi, and of some virus and bacteria in comparison with the traditional system (Sandoval ET al., 1991). At commercial level, meristemo or central yolk for the propagation in vitro is based on the exclusive use of.
This system presents/displays great advantage when it is desired to make interchange of plants (germoplasma) or sowing of musáceas in relatively new areas. But the type, amount of insumos and infrastructure necessary to guarantee an aseptic atmosphere, increase the operative costs and, consequently, the costs of the product (plántulas) in relation to the systems of propagation before mentioned. It constitutes one of the main disadvantages for its amassed use, mainly between the small and medium producers (Grisales, 1994). Figure 7 shows plántulas of musáceas in glass bottles with nutritious means, in conditions of light, temperature and controlled humidity.

Figure 7. Culture in vitro of clones of musáceas

Figure 8. Distribution of the plants of musáceas at field level, seeding to 1,1 xs 1.1m. the plants in the box will be removed when producing the children, being remaining to the commercial distance of 2,2 xs 2.2m.

Figure 9. Evolution of the medium altitude (cm) and value of the fashion of the number of leaves of the buds of FHIA21 dealt with humus of red lombriz Californian (And foetida) and without humus during the 136 days of evaluation.

Figure 10. Observations by class of height (cm) by treatment to the 15 days of evaluation of clones of giant Pineo with different concentrations and liquid time of immersion in humus.

1) even though originating materials of propagation are different clones, and that they were dealt with different systems of propagation, its answer before the application of humus of Californian red lombriz, indicates that this solution is able to possibly accelerate the rate of growth and development of active yolks or in present state of latency in the same one;
2) the way of action of humus is not known, but on the base of the obtained results it is possible to be inferred that nonsingle it acts like source of nutrients, but in addition is possible that it has the capacity to activate physiological mechanisms that allow to the expression of the vigor of the plants in their Maxima expression.

Figure 11. Banana plants (FHIA-21) obtained by division of cormos with and without humus to the 40 days of sowing Figure 12. Answer of cormos of banana tree to humus liquid in different concentrations. The right plant witness, with little development, the left treated plant, it observes intense green color of the leaves and the vigor.