Info:Groups and Subgroups - Revision history

Reminosys: Reworded cultivar vs species and corrected Pome vs Silk "true" apple error

Reminosys — Sun, 21 Jan 2024 09:12:17 GMT

Reworded cultivar vs species and corrected Pome vs Silk "true" apple error

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 21 January 2024
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	===Cultivar vs. Species===		===Cultivar vs. Species===
	----		----
-	While there is an incredible amount of variety within bananas, it is important to note that a cultivar does not rise to the level of being a species. Much like how the genetic diversity in dogs manifests into a vast array of shapes, sizes, and colors, both bananas or dogs still share enough genes in common that they can be considered a monolithic species. Hybridization between species is a further complication; much like how wolf-dog crosses exist, so too do crosses between M. acuminata and M. balbisiana. They occupy a grey area that almost breaks the distinction between species, but there is enough of a difference between genomes that a blurred line can be drawn between species. Therefore, cultivars should be understood as being distinct forms within the broader, encompassing definition of species/hybrids.	+	While there is an incredible amount of variety within bananas, it is important to note that a cultivar is not the same as a species. Like how domesticated dogs can be different yet all be the same species, so too do (most) edible bananas fall into the same species. Hybridization between species is a further complication; much like how wolf-dog crosses exist, so too do crosses between M. acuminata and M. balbisiana. Boundaries between species are often arbitrarily decided, based on genetic similarities, and are frequently revised as new info is revealed. Cultivars are groups within a species/hybrid, like how dog breeds are groupings inside the dog species.
		+


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	====Pome Subgroup====		====Pome Subgroup====
-	Members of the Pome Subgroup are often considered to be the "true" apple banana, and they have the tart flavor to match. They form a considerable portion of the Hawai'ian banana industry, and are often called 'Hawaiian Apple' bananas.	+	Members of the Pome Subgroup are often called apple/manzano bananas, and they have the tart flavor to match. Pome types form a considerable portion of the Hawai'ian banana industry, and are often called 'Hawaiian Apple' bananas. Pome varieties are known as apple/manzano bananas in the USA, but are known under different names internationally.
	:*Apple/Brazilian		:*Apple/Brazilian
	:*Dwarf Apple/Brazilian		:*Dwarf Apple/Brazilian
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	====Silk Subgroup====		====Silk Subgroup====
-	Sometimes these are referred to as apple bananas due to their flavor profile, but they are distinct from the Pome Subgroup.	+	Sometimes these are referred to as apple bananas due to their flavor profile, but they are distinct from the Pome Subgroup. Varieties from this group are the "true" apple/manzano banana for international consumers, since the title was applied to members of this subgroup first.
	:*Silk Fig		:*Silk Fig

Reminosys at 06:53, 13 October 2023

Reminosys — Fri, 13 Oct 2023 06:53:52 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 06:53, 13 October 2023
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	:*Green Red		:*Green Red

-		+	====Ibota Subgroup====
		+	Named after the local name of its most notable member, the Ibota Subgroup was first described in Congo during the 1950s. Later studies suggest that it may have been brought to Congo from Thailand.
		+	:*Yangambi km 5

	===AAB Group===		===AAB Group===
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	:*Manai'ula		:*Manai'ula

		+	====Mysore Subgroup====
		+	The Mysore Subgroup is associated with India, where they occupy a significant portion of the local banana commerce. Exhibiting bronzy-mauve leaf undersides, they are sometimes confused with Iholena varieties.
		+	:*Mysore
		+	:*Misi Luki
		+	:*Pisang Ceylon

	===ABB Group===		===ABB Group===
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	:*Orinoco/Bluggoe/Burro/Horse		:*Orinoco/Bluggoe/Burro/Horse
	:*Dwarf Orinoco		:*Dwarf Orinoco
		+	:*Largo
	:*Silver Bluggoe		:*Silver Bluggoe

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	==References==		==References==
	This page is a work in progress.		This page is a work in progress.
		+
		+	Ruas, M., Guignon, V., Sempere, G., Sardos, J., Hueber, Y., Duvergey, H., et al. (2017). MGIS: managing banana (Musa spp.) genetic resources information and high-throughput genotyping data. Database (Oxford) 2017. doi:10.1093/database/bax046.
		+
		+	International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (2005) Infomusa: La revue internationale sur bananiers et plantains. 50 p. 944 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/104890

Reminosys: Info: Groups and Subgroups moved to Info:Groups and Subgroups: Accidentally left space at beginning of title.

Reminosys — Tue, 10 Oct 2023 04:51:28 GMT

Info: Groups and Subgroups moved to Info:Groups and Subgroups: Accidentally left space at beginning of title.

←Older revision

Revision as of 04:51, 10 October 2023

Reminosys: Added section on cultivars vs species

Reminosys — Tue, 10 Oct 2023 04:03:27 GMT

Added section on cultivars vs species

←Older revision		Revision as of 04:03, 10 October 2023
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	==Groups and Subgroups==		==Groups and Subgroups==
	Scientists have struggled with how to classify the relationships between banana varieties ever since their discovery. In the present day, a system of groups and subgroups are used to indicate relationships, while still being flexible enough to accommodate frequent changes. Chromosome count and approximate ratio of parentage are used to indicate genome groups. For example, a plant with 65% M. acuminata and 35% M. balbisiana parentage and three chromosome sets would be classed into the AAB Group. Subgroups are then utilized to indicate that certain cultivars are more closely related. Because these groupings are artificial constructs, they cannot display the full complexity of relationships between cultivars. An AAB cultivar may be more closely related to an AA cultivar it was bred from, and more distantly related to another AAB cultivar.		Scientists have struggled with how to classify the relationships between banana varieties ever since their discovery. In the present day, a system of groups and subgroups are used to indicate relationships, while still being flexible enough to accommodate frequent changes. Chromosome count and approximate ratio of parentage are used to indicate genome groups. For example, a plant with 65% M. acuminata and 35% M. balbisiana parentage and three chromosome sets would be classed into the AAB Group. Subgroups are then utilized to indicate that certain cultivars are more closely related. Because these groupings are artificial constructs, they cannot display the full complexity of relationships between cultivars. An AAB cultivar may be more closely related to an AA cultivar it was bred from, and more distantly related to another AAB cultivar.
		+
		+
		+	===Cultivar vs. Species===
		+	----
		+	While there is an incredible amount of variety within bananas, it is important to note that a cultivar does not rise to the level of being a species. Much like how the genetic diversity in dogs manifests into a vast array of shapes, sizes, and colors, both bananas or dogs still share enough genes in common that they can be considered a monolithic species. Hybridization between species is a further complication; much like how wolf-dog crosses exist, so too do crosses between M. acuminata and M. balbisiana. They occupy a grey area that almost breaks the distinction between species, but there is enough of a difference between genomes that a blurred line can be drawn between species. Therefore, cultivars should be understood as being distinct forms within the broader, encompassing definition of species/hybrids.
		+

	===AA Group===		===AA Group===

Reminosys: /* Groups and Subgroups */

Reminosys — Tue, 10 Oct 2023 02:21:34 GMT

Groups and Subgroups

←Older revision		Revision as of 02:21, 10 October 2023
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	===AA Group===		===AA Group===
		+	----
	This genome group technically includes wild-type M. acuminata bananas, though there are a number of domesticated cultivars without seeds. Seedless bananas in the AA Group are ranked among the more primitive varieties, as they are fewer steps removed from their wild counterparts.		This genome group technically includes wild-type M. acuminata bananas, though there are a number of domesticated cultivars without seeds. Seedless bananas in the AA Group are ranked among the more primitive varieties, as they are fewer steps removed from their wild counterparts.

	====Sucrier Subgroup====		====Sucrier Subgroup====
-	:*Sucrier	+	:*Sucrier/Honey/Niño
	:*Mai'a Hapai		:*Mai'a Hapai

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	:*Veinte Cohol		:*Veinte Cohol
	:*Rose		:*Rose
-	----	+	:*Tu'u Gia


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	===BB Group===		===BB Group===
	----		----
-		+	While wild M. balbisiana falls into this group, there are a handful of semi-domesticated varieties.
		+	:*Thai Black

	===AAA Group===		===AAA Group===
		+	----
	====Cavendish Subgroup====		====Cavendish Subgroup====
	Most bananas sold at grocery stores today come from the Cavendish Subgroup.		Most bananas sold at grocery stores today come from the Cavendish Subgroup.
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	====Gros Michel Subgroup====		====Gros Michel Subgroup====
-	Cultivars in the Gros Michel Subgroup were the previous banana of choice. They still exist in small collections, but are no longer viable for mass production due to disease vectors.	+	Cultivars in the Gros Michel Subgroup were the previous banana of choice. They still exist in small collections, but are no longer viable for international mass production due to disease vectors.
	:*Highgate		:*Highgate
	:*Cocos		:*Cocos
		+	:*Bluefields/Gros Michel

	====Red Subgroup====		====Red Subgroup====
-	Cultivars in the Red Subgroup produce red bananas (with the exception of Green Red). They often bear other descriptors that indicate where the plant was brought from, like 'Jamaican Red' or 'Cuban Red'. Generally speaking, those names refer to the same banana cultivar, and are historical quirks rather than distinct varieties.	+	Cultivars in the Red Subgroup often exhibit vivid red pseudostems and bananas (with the exception of Green Red). They often bear other descriptors that indicate where the plant was brought from, like 'Jamaican Red' or 'Cuban Red'. Generally speaking, such names refer to the same banana cultivar, and are historical quirks rather than distinct varieties.
	:*Red		:*Red
	:*Dwarf Red		:*Dwarf Red
	:*Green Red		:*Green Red
-	----	+


	===AAB Group===		===AAB Group===
		+	----
	====Plantain Subgroup====		====Plantain Subgroup====
	There are two understandings of what a plantain is; either it refers to cooking bananas, or to the Plantain Subgroup of cultivars that are from Africa. All cultivars of the Plantain Subgroup are coincidentally best utilized as cooking bananas.		There are two understandings of what a plantain is; either it refers to cooking bananas, or to the Plantain Subgroup of cultivars that are from Africa. All cultivars of the Plantain Subgroup are coincidentally best utilized as cooking bananas.
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	====Pome Subgroup====		====Pome Subgroup====
		+	Members of the Pome Subgroup are often considered to be the "true" apple banana, and they have the tart flavor to match. They form a considerable portion of the Hawai'ian banana industry, and are often called 'Hawaiian Apple' bananas.
		+	:*Apple/Brazilian
		+	:*Dwarf Apple/Brazilian
		+	:*Raja Puri
		+
	====Silk Subgroup====		====Silk Subgroup====
		+	Sometimes these are referred to as apple bananas due to their flavor profile, but they are distinct from the Pome Subgroup.
		+	:*Silk Fig
		+
	====Iholena Subgroup====		====Iholena Subgroup====
-	Along with the Maoli-Popoulu Subgroup, these are sometimes informally called 'Pacific Plantains'. While often utilized as cooking bananas, some Iholena varieties can be ripened enough to eat raw as a dessert banana. New Iholena leaves exhibit a bronze/purple/mauve leaf underside, the fruit peels turn yellow before being ripe, and are orange to pink fleshed.	+	Along with the Maoli-Popoulu Subgroup, these are sometimes informally called 'Pacific Plantains'. While often utilized as cooking bananas, some Iholena varieties can be ripened enough to enjoy raw as a dessert banana. New Iholena leaves exhibit a bronze/purple/mauve leaf underside, the fruit peels turn yellow before being ripe, and are orange to pink fleshed.
	:*Mai'a Iholena Iholena		:*Mai'a Iholena Iholena
	:*Mai'a Iholena Kapua		:*Mai'a Iholena Kapua
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	:*Lahi		:*Lahi
	:*Manai'ula		:*Manai'ula
-	----


	===ABB Group===		===ABB Group===
		+	----
	====Bluggoe Subgroup====		====Bluggoe Subgroup====
	Perhaps one of the most widely grown, members of this group are known by many names across the globe. There are some distinct varieties, but by and large most are recognizably the same cultivar.		Perhaps one of the most widely grown, members of this group are known by many names across the globe. There are some distinct varieties, but by and large most are recognizably the same cultivar.
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	:*Namwa/Pisang Awak/Ducasse		:*Namwa/Pisang Awak/Ducasse
	:*Dwarf Namwa		:*Dwarf Namwa
-	----	+

	===BBB Group===		===BBB Group===
	----		----
		+	There is some debate on whether certain cultivars are triploid M. balbisiana, and testing will be necessary to verify their status.
		+
		+	===Tetraploids===
		+	----
		+	Tetraploid is the scientific term to describe living things as having four sets of chromosomes. Several banana breeding institutes have released tetraploid cultivars, the result of careful selection and hand pollination rather than synthetic methods. A few tetraploid cultivars have been found in the wild, but it is uncertain if they arose by natural means or human interference.

-	===AAAA Group===	+	====AAAA Group====
-	===AAAB Group===	+	:*FHIA-25 (Gros Michel hybrid)
-	===AABB Group===	+
-	===ABBB Group===	+

		+	====AAAB Group====
		+	:*FHIA-01/Goldfinger (Pome hybrid)

		+	====AABB Group====
		+	:*FHIA-03/Sweetheart (Bluggoe hybrid)

		+	====ABBB Group====

	==References==		==References==
	This page is a work in progress.		This page is a work in progress.

Reminosys at 04:16, 8 October 2023

Reminosys — Sun, 08 Oct 2023 04:16:53 GMT

New page

==Groups and Subgroups==
Scientists have struggled with how to classify the relationships between banana varieties ever since their discovery. In the present day, a system of groups and subgroups are used to indicate relationships, while still being flexible enough to accommodate frequent changes. Chromosome count and approximate ratio of parentage are used to indicate genome groups. For example, a plant with 65% M. acuminata and 35% M. balbisiana parentage and three chromosome sets would be classed into the AAB Group. Subgroups are then utilized to indicate that certain cultivars are more closely related. Because these groupings are artificial constructs, they cannot display the full complexity of relationships between cultivars. An AAB cultivar may be more closely related to an AA cultivar it was bred from, and more distantly related to another AAB cultivar.

===AA Group===
This genome group technically includes wild-type M. acuminata bananas, though there are a number of domesticated cultivars without seeds. Seedless bananas in the AA Group are ranked among the more primitive varieties, as they are fewer steps removed from their wild counterparts.

====Sucrier Subgroup====
:*Sucrier
:*Mai'a Hapai

====Ungrouped AA====
:*Kru
:*Veinte Cohol
:*Rose
----

===AB Group===
----

===BB Group===
----

===AAA Group===
====Cavendish Subgroup====
Most bananas sold at grocery stores today come from the Cavendish Subgroup.
:*Chinese
:*Gran Nain (Chiquita)
:*Valery

====Gros Michel Subgroup====
Cultivars in the Gros Michel Subgroup were the previous banana of choice. They still exist in small collections, but are no longer viable for mass production due to disease vectors.
:*Highgate
:*Cocos

====Red Subgroup====
Cultivars in the Red Subgroup produce red bananas (with the exception of Green Red). They often bear other descriptors that indicate where the plant was brought from, like 'Jamaican Red' or 'Cuban Red'. Generally speaking, those names refer to the same banana cultivar, and are historical quirks rather than distinct varieties.
:*Red
:*Dwarf Red
:*Green Red
----

===AAB Group===
====Plantain Subgroup====
There are two understandings of what a plantain is; either it refers to cooking bananas, or to the Plantain Subgroup of cultivars that are from Africa. All cultivars of the Plantain Subgroup are coincidentally best utilized as cooking bananas.
:*African Rhino Horn

====Pome Subgroup====
====Silk Subgroup====
====Iholena Subgroup====
Along with the Maoli-Popoulu Subgroup, these are sometimes informally called 'Pacific Plantains'. While often utilized as cooking bananas, some Iholena varieties can be ripened enough to eat raw as a dessert banana. New Iholena leaves exhibit a bronze/purple/mauve leaf underside, the fruit peels turn yellow before being ripe, and are orange to pink fleshed.
:*Mai'a Iholena Iholena
:*Mai'a Iholena Kapua
:*Mai'a Iholena Lele

====Maoli-Popoulu Subgroup====
Along with the Iholena Subgroup, these are sometimes informally called 'Pacific Plantains'. The cultivars of the Maoli-Popoulu Subgroup are starchy, often used as cooking bananas, and are sometimes split into separate subgroups of Maoli and Popoulu.
:*A'ea'e/Koae/Manini
:*Hua Moa
:*Lahi
:*Manai'ula
----

===ABB Group===
====Bluggoe Subgroup====
Perhaps one of the most widely grown, members of this group are known by many names across the globe. There are some distinct varieties, but by and large most are recognizably the same cultivar.
:*Orinoco/Bluggoe/Burro/Horse
:*Dwarf Orinoco
:*Silver Bluggoe

====Saba Subgroup====
:*Praying Hands

====Ney Mannan Subgroup====
The famed Blue Java banana, aka Ice Cream banana, was historically placed in the Bluggoe Subgroup. A later study on its genome recategorized it into the Ney Mannan Subgroup.
:*Blue Java/Ice Cream

====Pisang Awak Subgroup====
With the namesake variety being a quality dessert banana, this banana subgroup has seen widespread adoption by international communities. Sometimes plants from this subgroup are marketed as 'Ice Cream', conflicting with 'Blue Java' being sold under the same name.
:*Namwa/Pisang Awak/Ducasse
:*Dwarf Namwa
----

===BBB Group===
----

===AAAA Group===
===AAAB Group===
===AABB Group===
===ABBB Group===

==References==
This page is a work in progress.